![]() ![]() S4 heart sound is produced from blood ejecting into a stiff ventricle and is also present in heart failure. S3 heart sound can be physiologic in children and athletes but can also be heard in patients with heart failure. The aim of this pilot study was to examine respiratory sound patterns of CHF patients using acoustic-based imaging technology. While auscultating at the Left lower sternal border, one should determine if there is an S3 or S4 heart sound heard. Findings suggest that PIC at the base of the lungs may be related to airway closure at the base of the lungs in the supine position in PIC-positive subjects. Although congestive heart failure (CHF) patients typically present with abnormal auscultatory findings on lung examination, respiratory sounds are not normally subjected to additional analysis. There was no significant difference in regional ventilation in the sitting position between PIC-negative (n = 11) and PIC-positive (n = 12) subjects in the supine position, regional ventilation decreased significantly at the base in the PIC-positive group. Regional ventilation (V) was assessed in the sitting and the supine position from right lateral images divided into 9 segments from the base to the apex of the lung using spirometric gated ventilation scanning. These results suggest that airway closure was markedly increased in PIC-positive subjects in the supine position compared with PIC-negative subjects. CV, CV/VC and CC/FRC did not differ significantly between PIC-positive (n = 37) and PIC-negative (n = 39) subjects in the sitting position, but in the supine position, these values were significantly higher in the PIC-positive group than in the PIC-negative group (CV: p < 0.05, CV/VC and CC/FRC: p < 0.01). ![]() A change from the sitting to the supine position was associated with a significant decrease in the percent functional residual capacity (FRC, p < 0.01) and significant increases in closing volume (CV), CV/vital capacity (VC) and closing capacity (CC)/FRC (p < 0.01) in the PIC-positive subjects. Swelling or inflammation of your airways. Regional ventilation was evaluated by spirometric gated ventilation scanning using 133Xe in 23 of these patients and its relationship to PIC was analyzed. The most common causes of abnormal lung sounds include: Mucus in the airways in your lungs. ![]() Your provider checks to see if you have risk factors for heart failure, such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease or diabetes. We investigated the role of changes in pulmonary function in posturally induced crackles (PIC) in 76 patients with various heart diseases. To diagnose heart failure, your health care provider examines you and asks questions about your symptoms and medical history. ![]()
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